Lions live in savanna and grassland ecosystems throughout Africa and a tiny portion of Asia. Lions used to have a much larger range that covered southern, western, central, and northern Africa, along with parts of the Middle East and much of Southwest Asia. While they still exist in these areas, their range has been broken into small, fragmented areas making it hard for populations to reach each other.
Lions are the second largest species of feline (the first being the Amur tiger). They are tan in color and have small, rounded ears, muscular legs, and long tails with a black tuft of hair on the tip. Males are much larger than females weighing more than 400 lbs while females weigh between 200 and 300 lbs. Males also have a large mane that allows us to tell adult males and females apart easily.
Lions are apex predators and entirely carnivorous. They primarily feed on large ungulates (hoofed animals), like zebras, wildebeest, buffalo, antelope, and even giraffes. They often work together with their pride to take down animals much larger than themselves! Cubs start hunting with the pride when they are just a few months old to learn strategy from the adults. Competition with other predators, like leopards, hyenas, and painted dogs, forces them to eat their food quickly.
Felines are typically nocturnal, but lions tend to be more on the diurnal side. Lions have been observed being active at all times and activity can change based on environmental conditions and stresses.
Lions usually have 2 or 3 cubs but can have as many as 6! Females usually keep their cubs away from the pride for the first couple of months. She moves them between den sites to prevent other predators from tracking them. Eventually, the cubs are introduced to the rest of the pride to learn lion behaviors. If a new male takes over a pride, he may kill cubs from previous males. Female cubs may stay with their natal pride, while males often go off to find a pride of their own around the age of 2.
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